The science of tooth decay: Causes, prevention and treatment options
We all know that tooth decay is one of the most common dental issues, but have you ever wondered what exactly causes it? Why are some people more prone to cavities than others and most importantly, how do you prevent it?
As your local Brisbane dentist, we’re here to break down the science behind tooth decay in a simple, easy-to-understand way – practical advice to help keep your teeth strong and healthy.
What causes tooth decay?
Tooth decay (cavities), happens when the outer layer of your teeth (enamel) gets damaged by acids. Where do these acids come from? The main culprits are bacteria in your mouth that feed on sugars from food and drinks. As they break down these sugars, they produce acid, which gradually erodes the enamel.
Other factors that may contribute to tooth decay include:
- Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing and flossing regularly allows plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) to build up, increasing the risk of decay.
- Frequent snacking on sugary foods and drinks: Soft drinks, lollies, biscuits, and even fruit juices contain sugars that feed bacteria.
- Dry mouth: Saliva plays a crucial role in neutralising acids and washing away food particles. Conditions like dry mouth (xerostomia) reduce saliva production, making teeth more vulnerable.
- Acidic foods and drinks: Citrus fruits, wine, and soft drinks can weaken enamel over time.
- Genetics: Some people are naturally more prone to cavities due to the shape and structure of their teeth or the composition of their saliva.
How can you prevent tooth decay?
Thankfully, tooth decay is largely preventable with good oral hygiene and healthy lifestyle choices. Here’s what you can do:
Brush and floss daily
Brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste helps remove plaque and strengthens enamel. Don’t forget to floss daily – it gets into the spots your toothbrush can’t reach!
Manage your diet
Cut back on sugary and acidic foods and drinks. If you do indulge, try to have them with meals rather than as standalone snacks to reduce acid exposure.
Drink plenty of water
Tap water in most parts of Australia contains fluoride, which helps strengthen teeth and prevent decay. Plus, staying hydrated helps maintain saliva production.
Chew sugar-free gum
Chewing gum (especially those containing xylitol) stimulates saliva flow, which helps wash away food particles and neutralise acids.
Visit your dentist regularly
Regular check-ups and professional cleans at The Practice can help detect early signs of decay and prevent bigger issues down the track.
Treatment options for tooth decay
If tooth decay is caught early, it can often be reversed or managed with minimal intervention. However, more advanced decay requires professional treatment. Here are some common options:
Fluoride treatments: For very early-stage decay, fluoride treatments (in the form of gels, varnishes, or mouth rinses) can help remineralise enamel and stop the decay from progressing.
Fillings: When a cavity forms, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed and replaced with a filling made of composite resin, porcelain, or amalgam. This restores the tooth’s shape and function.
Crowns: If a cavity is too large for a simple filling, a crown (a tooth-shaped cap) may be needed to protect and strengthen the tooth.
Root canal treatment: If decay reaches the inner pulp (where the nerves and blood vessels are), a root canal may be necessary to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth.
Tooth extraction: In severe cases where the tooth is too damaged to be saved, extraction may be the only option. A replacement option like a dental implant, bridge, or denture may be recommended.
Maintain good oral health
Tooth decay is preventable and treatable, but early action is essential. Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene, and a balanced diet all play a crucial role in keeping your teeth in top condition.
At The Practice, our West End dentists are here to help you maintain a healthy, confident smile. Whether you need a routine check-up, a professional clean, or treatment for tooth decay, our friendly team is ready to assist. Book an appointment today and take the first step towards better oral health. Call us now at 07 3733 3223 or book online.
